Market failure is defined as the inefficient distribution of goods and services in a free market (The Investopedia). It can result from externalities, monopoly, information asymmetries, and factor immobility (Bator, 1958). Once market failure occurs, individuals may not be better off by taking rational actions, the total surplus will decrease…

Fuel is the crucial material for modern industry. Although a lot of countries are trying to develop New Energy, which is known as alternative energy that includes sunlight, wind, waves, and so on, fossils fuel still takes a major part of the energy market. Many factors can affect the market…

Consumer preference generally refers to the taste of an individual towards a subject. The satisfaction obtained by the consumer can be defined as the utility. In economics, it is defined as consuming goods during a period (Melitz and Redding, 2014). Economists acknowledged that various factors could affect consumer preference, including…

COVID-19 refers to the pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. It is more contagious than the traditional pandemic and will spread more easily among people. Different countries adopted different methods to deal with COVID-19, yet the economy around the world has been affected in spite of the policies local governments…

Intro SARS-CoV-2 is a branch of the SARS-Cov family. It is spherical and enveloped with club-shaped spikes on the surface. Thus, it has the shape of a solar corona. Inside the nucleoplasm, the virus has single-strand RNA, which stores the genetic information of this virus. Due to the property of protein…

Acknowledgment: — This essay is finished by Chenchen Zhou, Andrew Chen, Yuliang Li. The publication is allowed by the authors. This essay is only for academic use. Please do not take it for business use. Introduction The underground market for organ trade takes its existence to bring huge profits for the traders due…

How Singapore Defeated COVID-19 and some Economical and Ethical Reflections. — In Dec 2019, an unprecedented disease was identified in Wuhan, China. It did not get enough attention in the beginning. Later, the number of reported cases surged, and scientists reported that this disease is contagious and can be transmitted among people. The Chinese government soon claimed nationwide lock-down, especially in…

Note: This article would be the first page of a series. The whole series would be based on the Batman Trilogy — Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and The Dark Knight Rises. The philosophical thoughts of the director, Christopher Nolan, is hard to be exhausted. Therefore, the writer (me) will…

12/20/2020 Note: All problems are published by HackerRank, credit to HackerRank The solutions are coded by myself, and open source just for study. Java Comparator